Best Midfielders in the Bundesliga (Dec 2025)

Ranked by Analytical Strength Score

Market Overview: Bundesliga Midfielders 2023-24

Our database tracked 56 Bundesliga Midfielders in the 2023-24 season, representing 24 clubs with a combined market value of €485.1M. The average market value for Bundesliga Midfielders was €8.7M, with the average age at 26.1 years old.

The most valuable midfielder in the Bundesliga was Hugo Larsson, worth €40.0M and played for Eintracht Frankfurt at 21 years old. The top 5 Midfielders averaged €32.0M in market value, including Exequiel Palacios and Tom Bischof.

Age distribution showed the youngest tracked midfielder was Assan Ouédraogo (19 years, RB Leipzig, €7.0M), while the oldest was Kevin Kampl (35 years, RB Leipzig, €2.5M). Research shows Midfielders typically peak at age 26-27.

Historical analysis showed 28 Midfielders (50%) increased in market value over the following 12 months based on age-curve trajectories, then-current performance trends, and playing time analysis. The Bundesliga market for Midfielders remained actively developing with emerging talent in the 2023-24 season.

💡 Use the search bar below to find specific players, or apply filters to narrow results by club, age range, or market value. Click the chart icon next to any player to view their historical value trajectory and forecast.

Market Intelligence

Explore Market Size by Position in Bundesliga

Interactive bubble chart showing predicted 2-year growth vs current age for all Bundesliga Midfielders. Identify undervalued assets and track market momentum across 24 clubs with €485.1M combined value.

Players Tracked

By League

Premier League La Liga Bundesliga Serie A Ligue 1

By Position

GK CB LB RB CDM

More Positions

CM CAM LW RW ST

By Season

2025-26 2024-25 2023-24 2022-23

Age Distribution: Bundesliga Midfielders

The Bundesliga CM market shows 5 distinct age segments, with the largest cohort in the 24-26 bracket (15 players, 27% of market). The 27-29 age group holds the most value at €153.0M, averaging €10.9M per player.

U21 years6 players (11%)

€66.2MAvg: €11.0M

Top player: Tom Bischof (€30.0M)

21-23 years9 players (16%)

€100.0MAvg: €11.1M

Top player: Hugo Larsson (€40.0M)

24-26 years15 players (27%)

€110.7MAvg: €7.4M

Top player: Felix Nmecha (€28.0M)

27-29 years14 players (25%)

€153.0MAvg: €10.9M

Top player: Exequiel Palacios (€40.0M)

30+ years12 players (21%)

€55.3MAvg: €4.6M

Top player: Leon Goretzka (€22.0M)

Top Midfielders by Age Bracket

U21 Years (6 players)

1. Tom Bischof(20yo)

€30.0M

2. Ezechiel Banzuzi(20yo)

€13.0M

3. Johan Manzambi(20yo)

€8.0M

4. Oscar Højlund(20yo)

€7.5M

5. Assan Ouédraogo(19yo)

€7.0M

21-23 Years (9 players)

1. Hugo Larsson(21yo)

€40.0M

2. Carney Chukwuemeka(22yo)

€18.0M

3. Rocco Reitz(23yo)

€15.0M

4. Ísak Jóhannesson(22yo)

€7.0M

5. Jens Castrop(22yo)

€6.0M

24-26 Years (15 players)

1. Felix Nmecha(25yo)

€28.0M

2. Nicolas Seiwald(24yo)

€18.0M

3. Mads Bidstrup(24yo)

€15.0M

4. Mattias Svanberg(26yo)

€12.0M

5. Albert Sambi Lokonga(26yo)

€8.0M

27-29 Years (14 players)

1. Exequiel Palacios(27yo)

€40.0M

2. Nadiem Amiri(29yo)

€20.0M

3. Aleix García(28yo)

€20.0M

4. Amadou Haidara(27yo)

€16.0M

5. Jens Stage(29yo)

€14.0M

Market Value Distribution

Elite Tier Concentration

37%of market value

The top 6 Midfielders (11% of players) control €180.0M

1. Hugo Larsson€40.0M

2. Exequiel Palacios€40.0M

3. Tom Bischof€30.0M

4. Felix Nmecha€28.0M

5. Leon Goretzka€22.0M

Market Tiers

Premium (€30-50M)3 players (5%)

€110.0M

High (€15-30M)9 players (16%)

€172.0M

Mid (€5-15M)18 players (32%)

€142.5M

Emerging (<€5M)26 players (46%)

€60.6M

Market structure shows distributed value with premium (€30-50m) tier representing 5% of the Bundesliga CM pool.

Premium (€30-50M)

1. Hugo Larsson

Eintracht Frankfurt€40.0M

2. Exequiel Palacios

Bayer 04 Leverkusen€40.0M

3. Tom Bischof

Bayern Munich€30.0M

High (€15-30M)

1. Felix Nmecha

Borussia Dortmund€28.0M

2. Leon Goretzka

Bayern Munich€22.0M

3. Nadiem Amiri

1.FSV Mainz 05€20.0M

4. Aleix García

Bayer 04 Leverkusen€20.0M

5. Nicolas Seiwald

RB Leipzig€18.0M

Mid (€5-15M)

1. Jens Stage

SV Werder Bremen€14.0M

2. Ezechiel Banzuzi

RB Leipzig€13.0M

3. Mattias Svanberg

VfL Wolfsburg€12.0M

4. Maximilian Eggestein

SC Freiburg€10.0M

5. Xaver Schlager

RB Leipzig€10.0M

Club Distribution: Bundesliga Midfielders

Among 24 Bundesliga clubs, RB Leipzig leads with 6 Midfielders worth €66.5M (averaging €11.1M per player). The top 10 clubs account for 54% of tracked Midfielders.

RB Leipzig

6 players • €66.5M

Bayer 04 Leverkusen

2 players • €60.0M

Borussia Dortmund

4 players • €59.0M

Bayern Munich

2 players • €52.0M

Eintracht Frankfurt

3 players • €51.0M

Borussia Mönchengladbach

5 players • €32.0M

1.FSV Mainz 05

1 players • €20.0M

VfL Wolfsburg

3 players • €19.5M

SC Freiburg

2 players • €18.0M

#10

SV Werder Bremen

2 players • €15.5M

RB Leipzig (6 Midfielders)

Nicolas Seiwald(24yo)

€18.0M

Amadou Haidara(27yo)

€16.0M

Ezechiel Banzuzi(20yo)

€13.0M

Xaver Schlager(28yo)

€10.0M

Assan Ouédraogo(19yo)

€7.0M

Bayer 04 Leverkusen (2 Midfielders)

Exequiel Palacios(27yo)

€40.0M

Aleix García(28yo)

€20.0M

Borussia Dortmund (4 Midfielders)

Felix Nmecha(25yo)

€28.0M

Carney Chukwuemeka(22yo)

€18.0M

Marcel Sabitzer(31yo)

€8.0M

Pascal Groß(34yo)

€5.0M

Bayern Munich (2 Midfielders)

Tom Bischof(20yo)

€30.0M

Leon Goretzka(30yo)

€22.0M

Player Rankings

Ranked by APE Strength Score. Click any player to view full profile, or click the chart icon to see value history.

Hugo Larsson

Eintracht Frankfurt • 21 years old

€34.6M

€40.0M

+15.6%

€39.6M€52.2M

Expected: €45.9M

85.0

Exequiel Palacios

Bayer 04 Leverkusen • 27 years old

€42.3M

€40.0M

-5.4%

€32.1M€40.8M

Expected: €36.4M

84.9

Tom Bischof

Bayern Munich • 20 years old

€25.9M

€30.0M

+15.6%

€29.7M€39.1M

Expected: €34.4M

77.4

Felix Nmecha

Borussia Dortmund • 25 years old

€24.2M

€28.0M

+15.6%

€24.1M€30.7M

Expected: €27.4M

77.3

Leon Goretzka

Bayern Munich • 30 years old

€28.4M

€22.0M

-22.6%

€16.1M€20.4M

Expected: €18.2M

74.4

Nadiem Amiri

1.FSV Mainz 05 • 29 years old

€25.8M

€20.0M

-22.6%

€14.6M€18.6M

Expected: €16.6M

72.9

Aleix García

Bayer 04 Leverkusen • 28 years old

€25.8M

€20.0M

-22.6%

€15.4M€19.6M

Expected: €17.5M

72.8

Nicolas Seiwald

RB Leipzig • 24 years old

€15.6M

€18.0M

+15.6%

€16.2M€20.6M

Expected: €18.4M

72.2

Carney Chukwuemeka

Borussia Dortmund • 22 years old

€15.6M

€18.0M

+15.6%

€16.8M€21.3M

Expected: €19.1M

72.1

#10

Rocco Reitz

Borussia Mönchengladbach • 23 years old

€13.0M

€15.0M

+15.6%

€14.1M€18.0M

Expected: €16.1M

70.4

#11

Amadou Haidara

RB Leipzig • 27 years old

€16.9M

€16.0M

-5.4%

€12.3M€15.7M

Expected: €14.0M

69.9

#12

Mads Bidstrup

Red Bull Salzburg • 24 years old

€13.0M

€15.0M

+15.6%

€13.5M€17.2M

Expected: €15.4M

69.7

#13

Jens Stage

SV Werder Bremen • 29 years old

€18.1M

€14.0M

-22.6%

€10.2M€13.0M

Expected: €11.6M

68.5

#14

Ezechiel Banzuzi

RB Leipzig • 20 years old

€11.2M

€13.0M

+15.6%

€12.8M€17.0M

Expected: €14.9M

66.8

#15

Mattias Svanberg

VfL Wolfsburg • 26 years old

€10.4M

€12.0M

+15.6%

€10.9M€13.8M

Expected: €12.4M

66.3

#16

Maximilian Eggestein

SC Freiburg • 29 years old

€12.9M

€10.0M

-22.6%

€7.3M€9.3M

Expected: €8.3M

60.7

#17

Xaver Schlager

RB Leipzig • 28 years old

€12.9M

€10.0M

-22.6%

€7.7M€9.8M

Expected: €8.8M

60.6

#18

Marcel Sabitzer

Borussia Dortmund • 31 years old

€10.3M

€8.0M

-22.6%

€5.8M€7.4M

Expected: €6.6M

58.2

#19

Albert Sambi Lokonga

Hamburger SV • 26 years old

€6.9M

€8.0M

+15.6%

€7.2M€9.2M

Expected: €8.2M

57.6

#20

Johan Manzambi

SC Freiburg • 20 years old

€6.9M

€8.0M

+15.6%

€7.9M€10.4M

Expected: €9.2M

57.2

Showing 1-20 of 56

Scout Tools

Advanced analytics for scouting and recruitment decisions. Each tool provides unique insights into player value, potential, and market dynamics.

Pre-Peak Value Efficiency (PPVE)

Identifies pre-peak players offering exceptional value relative to their age bracket. Higher PPVE = better value.

Understanding Pre-Peak Value Efficiency (PPVE)

Borussia Dortmund's Felix Nmecha at 25 years old has the highest Pre-Peak Value Efficiency at 7.00×. That means Felix Nmecha is valued 7.00× higher than the median player in the 24-26 age bracket—representing exceptional value before reaching peak age.

In second is Eintracht Frankfurt's Hugo Larsson, who is 21 years old, with a 6.67× PPVE. Third is Nicolas Seiwald of RB Leipzig, who is 24 years old with a 4.50× PPVE.

How PPVE is calculated: PPVE compares a player's current market value to the median value of all players in their age bracket. A PPVE of 7.00× means the player is worth 600% more than typical players their age—making them high-value targets before they reach peak value.

PPVE by Age Bracket

Felix NmechaBorussia Dortmund

24-26 • 25yo7.00×

€28.0M • 600% above median

Hugo LarssonEintracht Frankfurt

21-23 • 21yo6.67×

€40.0M • 567% above median

Nicolas SeiwaldRB Leipzig

24-26 • 24yo4.50×

€18.0M • 350% above median

Mads BidstrupRed Bull Salzburg

24-26 • 24yo3.75×

€15.0M • 275% above median

Tom BischofBayern Munich

U21 • 20yo3.75×

€30.0M • 275% above median

Carney ChukwuemekaBorussia Dortmund

21-23 • 22yo3.00×

€18.0M • 200% above median

Rocco ReitzBorussia Mönchengladbach

21-23 • 23yo2.50×

€15.0M • 150% above median

Ezechiel BanzuziRB Leipzig

U21 • 20yo1.63×

€13.0M • 63% above median

Han-Noah MassengoFC Augsburg

24-26 • 24yo1.25×

€5.0M • 25% above median

Ísak Jóhannesson1.FC Köln

21-23 • 22yo1.17×

€7.0M • 17% above median

Tom Krauß1.FC Köln

24-26 • 24yo1.00×

€4.0M • 0% above median

Umut TohumcuTSG 1899 Hoffenheim

21-23 • 21yo1.00×

€6.0M • 0% above median

Jens CastropBorussia Mönchengladbach

21-23 • 22yo1.00×

€6.0M • 0% above median

Johan ManzambiSC Freiburg

U21 • 20yo1.00×

€8.0M • 0% above median

Oscar HøjlundEintracht Frankfurt

U21 • 20yo0.94×

€7.5M • -6% above median

Rank	Player	Age	Bracket	Current Value	Bracket Median	PPVE
#1	Felix Nmecha Borussia Dortmund	25	24-26	€28.0M	€4.0M	7.00×
#2	Hugo Larsson Eintracht Frankfurt	21	21-23	€40.0M	€6.0M	6.67×
#3	Nicolas Seiwald RB Leipzig	24	24-26	€18.0M	€4.0M	4.50×
#4	Mads Bidstrup Red Bull Salzburg	24	24-26	€15.0M	€4.0M	3.75×
#5	Tom Bischof Bayern Munich	20	U21	€30.0M	€8.0M	3.75×
#6	Carney Chukwuemeka Borussia Dortmund	22	21-23	€18.0M	€6.0M	3.00×
#7	Rocco Reitz Borussia Mönchengladbach	23	21-23	€15.0M	€6.0M	2.50×
#8	Ezechiel Banzuzi RB Leipzig	20	U21	€13.0M	€8.0M	1.63×
#9	Han-Noah Massengo FC Augsburg	24	24-26	€5.0M	€4.0M	1.25×
#10	Ísak Jóhannesson 1.FC Köln	22	21-23	€7.0M	€6.0M	1.17×
#11	Tom Krauß 1.FC Köln	24	24-26	€4.0M	€4.0M	1.00×
#12	Umut Tohumcu TSG 1899 Hoffenheim	21	21-23	€6.0M	€6.0M	1.00×
#13	Jens Castrop Borussia Mönchengladbach	22	21-23	€6.0M	€6.0M	1.00×
#14	Johan Manzambi SC Freiburg	20	U21	€8.0M	€8.0M	1.00×
#15	Oscar Højlund Eintracht Frankfurt	20	U21	€7.5M	€8.0M	0.94×
#16	Assan Ouédraogo RB Leipzig	19	U21	€7.0M	€8.0M	0.88×
#17	Denis Huseinbasic 1.FC Köln	24	24-26	€2.8M	€4.0M	0.70×
#18	Oscar Fraulo Borussia Mönchengladbach	22	21-23	€3.5M	€6.0M	0.58×
#19	Joel Chima Fujita FC St. Pauli	23	21-23	€3.0M	€6.0M	0.50×
#20	Ismaila Coulibaly LASK	24	24-26	€1.5M	€4.0M	0.38×

Return-to-Peak Potential (RPP)

Recovery potential from current value to forecasted peak. Shows how much upside remains for players approaching their prime.

Understanding Return-to-Peak Potential (RPP)

RB Leipzig's Assan Ouédraogo at 19 years old has the highest Return-to-Peak Potential at +40%. That means Assan Ouédraogo is projected to appreciate 40% as they reach their peak age in 7 years—representing significant upside before entering their prime.

In second is Bayern Munich's Tom Bischof, who is 20 years old, with a +35% RPP (6 years to peak). Third is Oscar Højlund of Eintracht Frankfurt, who is 20 years old with a +35% RPP (6 years to peak).

How RPP is calculated: RPP compares a player's current market value to their forecasted peak value, calculating the percentage appreciation potential. A 40% RPP means the player is expected to gain 40% value as they enter their prime—making them excellent growth investments.

Recovery Potential by Player

Assan OuédraogoRB Leipzig

7yr to peak+40%

€7.0M → €11.6M

Tom BischofBayern Munich

6yr to peak+35%

€30.0M → €46.4M

Oscar HøjlundEintracht Frankfurt

6yr to peak+35%

€7.5M → €11.6M

Ezechiel BanzuziRB Leipzig

6yr to peak+35%

€13.0M → €20.1M

Johan ManzambiSC Freiburg

6yr to peak+35%

€8.0M → €12.4M

Julius BeckSK Sturm Graz

6yr to peak+35%

€650K → €1.0M

Hugo LarssonEintracht Frankfurt

5yr to peak+30%

€40.0M → €57.5M

Umut TohumcuTSG 1899 Hoffenheim

5yr to peak+30%

€6.0M → €8.6M

Ísak Jóhannesson1.FC Köln

4yr to peak+25%

€7.0M → €9.4M

Oscar FrauloBorussia Mönchengladbach

4yr to peak+25%

€3.5M → €4.7M

Carney ChukwuemekaBorussia Dortmund

4yr to peak+25%

€18.0M → €24.1M

Jens CastropBorussia Mönchengladbach

4yr to peak+25%

€6.0M → €8.0M

Joel Chima FujitaFC St. Pauli

3yr to peak+20%

€3.0M → €3.7M

Luca Kerber1.FC Heidenheim 1846

3yr to peak+20%

€1.5M → €1.9M

Rocco ReitzBorussia Mönchengladbach

3yr to peak+20%

€15.0M → €18.6M

Rank	Player	Age	Years to Peak	Current	Peak Forecast	RPP %
#1	Assan Ouédraogo RB Leipzig	19	7	€7.0M	€11.6M	+40%
#2	Tom Bischof Bayern Munich	20	6	€30.0M	€46.4M	+35%
#3	Oscar Højlund Eintracht Frankfurt	20	6	€7.5M	€11.6M	+35%
#4	Ezechiel Banzuzi RB Leipzig	20	6	€13.0M	€20.1M	+35%
#5	Johan Manzambi SC Freiburg	20	6	€8.0M	€12.4M	+35%
#6	Julius Beck SK Sturm Graz	20	6	€650K	€1.0M	+35%
#7	Hugo Larsson Eintracht Frankfurt	21	5	€40.0M	€57.5M	+30%
#8	Umut Tohumcu TSG 1899 Hoffenheim	21	5	€6.0M	€8.6M	+30%
#9	Ísak Jóhannesson 1.FC Köln	22	4	€7.0M	€9.4M	+25%
#10	Oscar Fraulo Borussia Mönchengladbach	22	4	€3.5M	€4.7M	+25%
#11	Carney Chukwuemeka Borussia Dortmund	22	4	€18.0M	€24.1M	+25%
#12	Jens Castrop Borussia Mönchengladbach	22	4	€6.0M	€8.0M	+25%
#13	Joel Chima Fujita FC St. Pauli	23	3	€3.0M	€3.7M	+20%
#14	Luca Kerber 1.FC Heidenheim 1846	23	3	€1.5M	€1.9M	+20%
#15	Rocco Reitz Borussia Mönchengladbach	23	3	€15.0M	€18.6M	+20%
#16	Nicolas Seiwald RB Leipzig	24	2	€18.0M	€20.8M	+14%
#17	Denis Huseinbasic 1.FC Köln	24	2	€2.8M	€3.2M	+14%
#18	Tom Krauß 1.FC Köln	24	2	€4.0M	€4.6M	+14%
#19	Ismaila Coulibaly LASK	24	2	€1.5M	€1.7M	+14%
#20	Erik Ahlstrand FC St. Pauli	24	2	€500K	€578K	+14%

Risk-Adjusted Upside (RAU)

Upside potential weighted against forecast uncertainty. Higher RAU = better risk-reward profile.

Understanding Risk-Adjusted Upside (RAU)

RB Leipzig's Assan Ouédraogo has the highest Risk-Adjusted Upside at 58.0. That means Assan Ouédraogo has 19% upside potential with only 0% forecast uncertainty—representing excellent risk-reward for value appreciation.

In second is Eintracht Frankfurt's Hugo Larsson with a 46.6 RAU (15% upside, 0% uncertainty). Third is Johan Manzambi of SC Freiburg with a 46.3 RAU (15% upside, 0% uncertainty).

How RAU is calculated: RAU divides upside potential by forecast uncertainty (RAU = Upside % ÷ Uncertainty %). A RAU of 58.0 means the upside is 58.0× greater than the uncertainty—making it a high-confidence growth opportunity. Target RAU ≥2.0 for balanced risk-reward.

Risk-Adjusted Upside by Player

Assan OuédraogoRB Leipzig

↑19% / ±0%58.0

Range: €7.2M - €9.5M

Hugo LarssonEintracht Frankfurt

↑15% / ±0%46.6

Range: €39.6M - €52.2M

Johan ManzambiSC Freiburg

↑15% / ±0%46.3

Range: €7.9M - €10.4M

Tom BischofBayern Munich

↑15% / ±0%46.3

Range: €29.7M - €39.1M

Oscar HøjlundEintracht Frankfurt

↑15% / ±0%46.3

Range: €7.4M - €9.8M

Julius BeckSK Sturm Graz

↑15% / ±0%46.3

Range: €642K - €848K

Ezechiel BanzuziRB Leipzig

↑15% / ±0%46.3

Range: €12.8M - €17.0M

Umut TohumcuTSG 1899 Hoffenheim

↑10% / ±0%33.7

Range: €5.7M - €7.5M

Rocco ReitzBorussia Mönchengladbach

↑7% / ±0%27.5

Range: €14.1M - €18.0M

Joel Chima FujitaFC St. Pauli

↑7% / ±0%27.5

Range: €2.8M - €3.6M

Luca Kerber1.FC Heidenheim 1846

↑7% / ±0%27.5

Range: €1.4M - €1.8M

Carney ChukwuemekaBorussia Dortmund

↑6% / ±0%23.0

Range: €16.8M - €21.3M

Ísak Jóhannesson1.FC Köln

↑6% / ±0%23.0

Range: €6.5M - €8.3M

Oscar FrauloBorussia Mönchengladbach

↑6% / ±0%23.0

Range: €3.3M - €4.1M

Jens CastropBorussia Mönchengladbach

↑6% / ±0%23.0

Range: €5.6M - €7.1M

Rank	Player	Expected	Range	Upside %	RAU
#1	Assan Ouédraogo RB Leipzig	€8.3M	€7.2M-9.5M	+19%	58.0
#2	Hugo Larsson Eintracht Frankfurt	€45.9M	€39.6M-52.2M	+15%	46.6
#3	Johan Manzambi SC Freiburg	€9.2M	€7.9M-10.4M	+15%	46.3
#4	Tom Bischof Bayern Munich	€34.4M	€29.7M-39.1M	+15%	46.3
#5	Oscar Højlund Eintracht Frankfurt	€8.6M	€7.4M-9.8M	+15%	46.3
#6	Julius Beck SK Sturm Graz	€745K	€642K-848K	+15%	46.3
#7	Ezechiel Banzuzi RB Leipzig	€14.9M	€12.8M-17.0M	+15%	46.3
#8	Umut Tohumcu TSG 1899 Hoffenheim	€6.6M	€5.7M-7.5M	+10%	33.7
#9	Rocco Reitz Borussia Mönchengladbach	€16.1M	€14.1M-18.0M	+7%	27.5
#10	Joel Chima Fujita FC St. Pauli	€3.2M	€2.8M-3.6M	+7%	27.5
#11	Luca Kerber 1.FC Heidenheim 1846	€1.6M	€1.4M-1.8M	+7%	27.5
#12	Carney Chukwuemeka Borussia Dortmund	€19.1M	€16.8M-21.3M	+6%	23.0
#13	Ísak Jóhannesson 1.FC Köln	€7.4M	€6.5M-8.3M	+6%	23.0
#14	Oscar Fraulo Borussia Mönchengladbach	€3.7M	€3.3M-4.1M	+6%	23.0
#15	Jens Castrop Borussia Mönchengladbach	€6.4M	€5.6M-7.1M	+6%	23.0
#16	András Schäfer 1.FC Union Berlin	€5.1M	€4.5M-5.8M	+3%	12.0
#17	Connor Metcalfe FC St. Pauli	€2.6M	€2.3M-2.9M	+3%	12.0
#18	Arne Maier FC Augsburg	€4.1M	€3.6M-4.6M	+3%	12.0
#19	Mattias Svanberg VfL Wolfsburg	€12.4M	€10.9M-13.8M	+3%	12.0
#20	Albert Sambi Lokonga Hamburger SV	€8.2M	€7.2M-9.2M	+3%	12.0

Roster Pressure Index (RPI)

Squad depth pressure based on Z-score distribution. Negative RPI = thin depth, positive = deep roster.

What This Shows

Z-Score explained: Measures how many standard deviations a player's strength is from the position average. Z-Score = 0 means average, +1.0 is one standard deviation above average, -1.0 is below average.

How to use: RPI < -1.0 indicates critical depth shortage. These positions need immediate reinforcement. RPI > +1.0 suggests strong depth, allowing selective, high-value additions only.

Current market: midfielder position shows strong depth (avg Z-score: 0.00). RPI: 0.00.

Position Depth Analysis

Total Players

0.00

Avg Z-Score

0.00

RPI Score

Weak DepthStrong Depth

-3.00+3.0

Highest Z-Scores

Hugo Larsson+3.40

Exequiel Palacios+3.40

Tom Bischof+2.31

Felix Nmecha+2.10

Leon Goretzka+1.45

Lowest Z-Scores

Mike-Steven Bähre-0.90

Nikolas Nartey-0.90

Youba Diarra-0.89

Erik Ahlstrand-0.89

Julius Beck-0.87

Age-Share Concentration (ASC)

Identifies players capturing disproportionate value relative to age group representation. Positive ASC = value concentration.

Understanding Age-Share Concentration (ASC)

Borussia Dortmund's Marcel Sabitzer in the 30+ age bracket has the highest Age-Share Concentration at +-10.0%. That means Leon Goretzka captures 11.4% of total market value while representing only 21.4% of players in their age group—showing dominant elite status.

In second is VfL Wolfsburg's Maximilian Arnold with a +-10.0% ASC (11.4% value share vs 21.4% player share in 30+ bracket). Third is Alessandro Schöpf of Wolfsberger AC with a +-10.0% ASC (11.4% value vs 21.4% players in 30+ bracket).

How ASC is calculated: ASC = (% of total value) - (% of total players) in age bracket. A +-10.0% ASC means the player captures -10.0% more market value than their numerical representation—indicating marquee status. ASC > +15% = elite dominance, ASC < -15% = potential value targets.