Best Left Wingers in the Ligue 1 (Jun 2026)

Ranked by Analytical Strength Score

Market Overview: Ligue 1 Left Wingers 2025-26

Our database tracks 32 Ligue 1 Left Wingers in the 2025-26 season, representing 20 clubs with a combined market value of €392.2M. The average market value for Ligue 1 Left Wingers is €12.3M, with the average age at 25.2 years old.

The most valuable left winger in the Ligue 1 is Khvicha Kvaratskhelia, worth €90.0M and playing for Paris Saint-Germain at 25 years old. The top 5 Left Wingers average €49.0M in market value, including Bradley Barcola and Igor Paixão.

Age distribution shows the youngest tracked left winger is Herba Guirassy (19 years, FC Nantes, €6.0M), while the oldest is Youssef Msakni (35 years, Esperance Tunis, €400K). Research shows Left Wingers typically peak at age 26.

Our 1-year forecast model projects 17 Left Wingers (53%) will increase in market value over the next 12 months based on age-curve trajectories, current performance trends, and playing time analysis. The Ligue 1 market for Left Wingers remains actively developing with emerging talent in the 2025-26 season.

💡 Use the search bar below to find specific players, or apply filters to narrow results by club, age range, or market value. Click the chart icon next to any player to view their historical value trajectory and forecast.

Market Intelligence

Explore Market Size by Position in Ligue 1

Interactive bubble chart showing predicted 2-year growth vs current age for all Ligue 1 Left Wingers. Identify undervalued assets and track market momentum across 20 clubs with €392.2M combined value.

Players Tracked

By League

Premier League La Liga Bundesliga Serie A Ligue 1

By Position

GK CB LB RB CDM

More Positions

CM CAM LW RW ST

By Season

2025-26 2024-25 2023-24 2022-23

Age Distribution: Ligue 1 Left Wingers

The Ligue 1 LW market shows 5 distinct age segments, with the largest cohort in the 24-26 bracket (12 players, 38% of market). The 24-26 age group holds the most value at €196.8M, averaging €16.4M per player.

U21 years2 players (6%)

€8.5MAvg: €4.3M

Top player: Herba Guirassy (€6.0M)

21-23 years9 players (28%)

€151.0MAvg: €16.8M

Top player: Bradley Barcola (€70.0M)

24-26 years12 players (38%)

€196.8MAvg: €16.4M

Top player: Khvicha Kvaratskhelia (€90.0M)

27-29 years5 players (16%)

€15.0MAvg: €3.0M

Top player: Jérémie Boga (€8.0M)

30+ years4 players (13%)

€20.9MAvg: €5.2M

Top player: Takumi Minamino (€12.0M)

Top Left Wingers by Age Bracket

U21 Years (2 players)

1. Herba Guirassy(19yo)

€6.0M

2. Lucas Michal(20yo)

€2.5M

21-23 Years (9 players)

1. Bradley Barcola(23yo)

€70.0M

2. Malick Fofana(21yo)

€30.0M

3. Matías Fernández-Pardo(21yo)

€20.0M

4. Ansu Fati(23yo)

€10.0M

5. Martial Godo(23yo)

€7.0M

24-26 Years (12 players)

1. Khvicha Kvaratskhelia(25yo)

€90.0M

2. Igor Paixão(25yo)

€35.0M

3. Hamed Traoré(26yo)

€15.0M

4. Yann Gboho(25yo)

€12.0M

5. Osame Sahraoui(24yo)

€10.0M

27-29 Years (5 players)

1. Jérémie Boga(29yo)

€8.0M

2. Cheikh Sabaly(27yo)

€3.5M

3. Farid El Melali(28yo)

€1.8M

4. Alimami Gory(29yo)

€1.2M

5. Billal Messaoudi(28yo)

€500K

Market Value Distribution

Elite Tier Concentration

57%of market value

The top 4 Left Wingers (13% of players) control €225.0M

1. Khvicha Kvaratskhelia€90.0M

2. Bradley Barcola€70.0M

3. Igor Paixão€35.0M

4. Malick Fofana€30.0M

Market Tiers

Elite (€50M+)2 players (6%)

€160.0M

Premium (€30-50M)2 players (6%)

€65.0M

High (€15-30M)2 players (6%)

€35.0M

Mid (€5-15M)14 players (44%)

€112.0M

Emerging (<€5M)12 players (38%)

€20.2M

Market structure shows distributed value with elite (€50m+) tier representing 6% of the Ligue 1 LW pool.

Elite (€50M+)

1. Khvicha Kvaratskhelia

Paris Saint-Germain€90.0M

2. Bradley Barcola

Paris Saint-Germain€70.0M

Premium (€30-50M)

1. Igor Paixão

Olympique Marseille€35.0M

2. Malick Fofana

Olympique Lyon€30.0M

High (€15-30M)

1. Matías Fernández-Pardo

LOSC Lille€20.0M

2. Hamed Traoré

Olympique Marseille€15.0M

Club Distribution: Ligue 1 Left Wingers

Among 20 Ligue 1 clubs, Paris Saint-Germain leads with 2 Left Wingers worth €160.0M (averaging €80.0M per player). The top 10 clubs account for 59% of tracked Left Wingers.

Paris Saint-Germain

2 players • €160.0M

Olympique Marseille

2 players • €50.0M

LOSC Lille

3 players • €40.0M

Olympique Lyon

2 players • €35.0M

AS Monaco

3 players • €24.5M

OGC Nice

2 players • €18.0M

FC Toulouse

1 players • €12.0M

Paris FC

2 players • €8.2M

RC Strasbourg Alsace

1 players • €7.0M

#10

FC Nantes

1 players • €6.0M

Paris Saint-Germain (2 Left Wingers)

Khvicha Kvaratskhelia(25yo)

€90.0M

Bradley Barcola(23yo)

€70.0M

Olympique Marseille (2 Left Wingers)

Igor Paixão(25yo)

€35.0M

Hamed Traoré(26yo)

€15.0M

LOSC Lille (3 Left Wingers)

Matías Fernández-Pardo(21yo)

€20.0M

Osame Sahraoui(24yo)

€10.0M

Félix Correia(25yo)

€10.0M

Olympique Lyon (2 Left Wingers)

Malick Fofana(21yo)

€30.0M

Afonso Moreira(21yo)

€5.0M

Player Rankings

Ranked by APE Strength Score. Click any player to view full profile, or click the chart icon to see value history.

Khvicha Kvaratskhelia

Paris Saint-Germain • 25 years old

€77.8M

€90.0M

+15.6%

€80.6M€102.6M

Expected: €91.6M

94.6

Bradley Barcola

Paris Saint-Germain • 23 years old

€60.5M

€70.0M

+15.6%

€68.6M€87.4M

Expected: €78.0M

93.4

Igor Paixão

Olympique Marseille • 25 years old

€30.3M

€35.0M

+15.6%

€31.3M€39.9M

Expected: €35.6M

83.6

Malick Fofana

Olympique Lyon • 21 years old

€25.9M

€30.0M

+15.6%

€28.5M€37.6M

Expected: €33.1M

77.8

Matías Fernández-Pardo

LOSC Lille • 21 years old

€17.3M

€20.0M

+15.6%

€19.0M€25.1M

Expected: €22.1M

72.8

Hamed Traoré

Olympique Marseille • 26 years old

€13.0M

€15.0M

+15.6%

€13.6M€17.3M

Expected: €15.4M

69.0

Takumi Minamino

AS Monaco • 31 years old

€15.5M

€12.0M

-22.6%

€8.8M€11.1M

Expected: €9.9M

66.8

Yann Gboho

FC Toulouse • 25 years old

€10.4M

€12.0M

+15.6%

€10.3M€13.1M

Expected: €11.7M

66.7

Ansu Fati

AS Monaco • 23 years old

€8.6M

€10.0M

+15.6%

€9.4M€12.0M

Expected: €10.7M

61.8

#10

Osame Sahraoui

LOSC Lille • 24 years old

€8.6M

€10.0M

+15.6%

€9.0M€11.5M

Expected: €10.2M

61.3

#11

Félix Correia

LOSC Lille • 25 years old

€8.6M

€10.0M

+15.6%

€8.6M€10.9M

Expected: €9.8M

60.9

#12

Sofiane Diop

OGC Nice • 25 years old

€8.6M

€10.0M

+15.6%

€8.6M€10.9M

Expected: €9.8M

60.9

#13

Jérémie Boga

OGC Nice • 29 years old

€10.3M

€8.0M

-22.6%

€5.8M€7.4M

Expected: €6.6M

57.9

#14

Martial Godo

RC Strasbourg Alsace • 23 years old

€6.1M

€7.0M

+15.6%

€6.6M€8.4M

Expected: €7.5M

57.4

#15

Moses Simon

Paris FC • 30 years old

€9.0M

€7.0M

-22.6%

€5.1M€6.5M

Expected: €5.8M

56.4

#16

Pablo Pagis

FC Lorient • 23 years old

€4.3M

€5.0M

+15.6%

€4.7M€6.0M

Expected: €5.4M

53.2

#17

Herba Guirassy

FC Nantes • 19 years old

€5.2M

€6.0M

+15.6%

€6.2M€8.1M

Expected: €7.1M

53.0

#18

Danny Namaso

AJ Auxerre • 25 years old

€4.3M

€5.0M

+15.6%

€4.3M€5.5M

Expected: €4.9M

52.2

#19

Issa Soumaré

Le Havre AC • 25 years old

€4.3M

€5.0M

+15.6%

€4.3M€5.5M

Expected: €4.9M

52.2

#20

Afonso Moreira

Olympique Lyon • 21 years old

€4.3M

€5.0M

+15.6%

€4.8M€6.3M

Expected: €5.5M

52.0

Showing 1-20 of 32

Scout Tools

Advanced analytics for scouting and recruitment decisions. Each tool provides unique insights into player value, potential, and market dynamics.

Pre-Peak Value Efficiency (PPVE)

Identifies pre-peak players offering exceptional value relative to their age bracket. Higher PPVE = better value.

Understanding Pre-Peak Value Efficiency (PPVE)

Paris Saint-Germain's Bradley Barcola at 23 years old has the highest Pre-Peak Value Efficiency at 10.00×. That means Bradley Barcola is valued 10.00× higher than the median player in the 21-23 age bracket—representing exceptional value before reaching peak age.

In second is Paris Saint-Germain's Khvicha Kvaratskhelia, who is 25 years old, with a 9.00× PPVE. Third is Malick Fofana of Olympique Lyon, who is 21 years old with a 4.29× PPVE.

How PPVE is calculated: PPVE compares a player's current market value to the median value of all players in their age bracket. A PPVE of 10.00× means the player is worth 900% more than typical players their age—making them high-value targets before they reach peak value.

PPVE by Age Bracket

Bradley BarcolaParis Saint-Germain

21-23 • 23yo10.00×

€70.0M • 900% above median

Khvicha KvaratskheliaParis Saint-Germain

24-26 • 25yo9.00×

€90.0M • 800% above median

Malick FofanaOlympique Lyon

21-23 • 21yo4.29×

€30.0M • 329% above median

Igor PaixãoOlympique Marseille

24-26 • 25yo3.50×

€35.0M • 250% above median

Matías Fernández-PardoLOSC Lille

21-23 • 21yo2.86×

€20.0M • 186% above median

Ansu FatiAS Monaco

21-23 • 23yo1.43×

€10.0M • 43% above median

Yann GbohoFC Toulouse

24-26 • 25yo1.20×

€12.0M • 20% above median

Herba GuirassyFC Nantes

U21 • 19yo1.00×

€6.0M • 0% above median

Félix CorreiaLOSC Lille

24-26 • 25yo1.00×

€10.0M • 0% above median

Sofiane DiopOGC Nice

24-26 • 25yo1.00×

€10.0M • 0% above median

Osame SahraouiLOSC Lille

24-26 • 24yo1.00×

€10.0M • 0% above median

Martial GodoRC Strasbourg Alsace

21-23 • 23yo1.00×

€7.0M • 0% above median

Pablo PagisFC Lorient

21-23 • 23yo0.71×

€5.0M • -29% above median

Afonso MoreiraOlympique Lyon

21-23 • 21yo0.71×

€5.0M • -29% above median

Danny NamasoAJ Auxerre

24-26 • 25yo0.50×

€5.0M • -50% above median

Rank	Player	Age	Bracket	Current Value	Bracket Median	PPVE
#1	Bradley Barcola Paris Saint-Germain	23	21-23	€70.0M	€7.0M	10.00×
#2	Khvicha Kvaratskhelia Paris Saint-Germain	25	24-26	€90.0M	€10.0M	9.00×
#3	Malick Fofana Olympique Lyon	21	21-23	€30.0M	€7.0M	4.29×
#4	Igor Paixão Olympique Marseille	25	24-26	€35.0M	€10.0M	3.50×
#5	Matías Fernández-Pardo LOSC Lille	21	21-23	€20.0M	€7.0M	2.86×
#6	Ansu Fati AS Monaco	23	21-23	€10.0M	€7.0M	1.43×
#7	Yann Gboho FC Toulouse	25	24-26	€12.0M	€10.0M	1.20×
#8	Herba Guirassy FC Nantes	19	U21	€6.0M	€6.0M	1.00×
#9	Félix Correia LOSC Lille	25	24-26	€10.0M	€10.0M	1.00×
#10	Sofiane Diop OGC Nice	25	24-26	€10.0M	€10.0M	1.00×
#11	Osame Sahraoui LOSC Lille	24	24-26	€10.0M	€10.0M	1.00×
#12	Martial Godo RC Strasbourg Alsace	23	21-23	€7.0M	€7.0M	1.00×
#13	Pablo Pagis FC Lorient	23	21-23	€5.0M	€7.0M	0.71×
#14	Afonso Moreira Olympique Lyon	21	21-23	€5.0M	€7.0M	0.71×
#15	Danny Namaso AJ Auxerre	25	24-26	€5.0M	€10.0M	0.50×
#16	Issa Soumaré Le Havre AC	25	24-26	€5.0M	€10.0M	0.50×
#17	Pathé Mboup Stade Brestois 29	22	21-23	€3.0M	€7.0M	0.43×
#18	Lucas Michal AS Monaco	20	U21	€2.5M	€6.0M	0.42×
#19	Abdallah Sima RC Lens	24	24-26	€4.0M	€10.0M	0.40×
#20	Anthony Bermont RC Lens	21	21-23	€1.0M	€7.0M	0.14×

Return-to-Peak Potential (RPP)

Recovery potential from current value to forecasted peak. Shows how much upside remains for players approaching their prime.

Understanding Return-to-Peak Potential (RPP)

FC Nantes's Herba Guirassy at 19 years old has the highest Return-to-Peak Potential at +40%. That means Herba Guirassy is projected to appreciate 40% as they reach their peak age in 7 years—representing significant upside before entering their prime.

In second is AS Monaco's Lucas Michal, who is 20 years old, with a +35% RPP (6 years to peak). Third is Anthony Bermont of RC Lens, who is 21 years old with a +30% RPP (5 years to peak).

How RPP is calculated: RPP compares a player's current market value to their forecasted peak value, calculating the percentage appreciation potential. A 40% RPP means the player is expected to gain 40% value as they enter their prime—making them excellent growth investments.

Recovery Potential by Player

Herba GuirassyFC Nantes

7yr to peak+40%

€6.0M → €10.0M

Lucas MichalAS Monaco

6yr to peak+35%

€2.5M → €3.9M

Anthony BermontRC Lens

5yr to peak+30%

€1.0M → €1.4M

Matías Fernández-PardoLOSC Lille

5yr to peak+30%

€20.0M → €28.7M

Malick FofanaOlympique Lyon

5yr to peak+30%

€30.0M → €43.1M

Afonso MoreiraOlympique Lyon

5yr to peak+30%

€5.0M → €7.2M

Pathé MboupStade Brestois 29

4yr to peak+25%

€3.0M → €4.0M

Bradley BarcolaParis Saint-Germain

3yr to peak+20%

€70.0M → €87.0M

Ansu FatiAS Monaco

3yr to peak+20%

€10.0M → €12.4M

Pablo PagisFC Lorient

3yr to peak+20%

€5.0M → €6.2M

Martial GodoRC Strasbourg Alsace

3yr to peak+20%

€7.0M → €8.7M

Osame SahraouiLOSC Lille

2yr to peak+14%

€10.0M → €11.6M

Abdallah SimaRC Lens

2yr to peak+14%

€4.0M → €4.6M

Motez NouraniClub Athlétique Bizertin

2yr to peak+14%

€200K → €231K

Felix MambimbiLe Havre AC

1yr to peak+7%

€600K → €645K

Rank	Player	Age	Years to Peak	Current	Peak Forecast	RPP %
#1	Herba Guirassy FC Nantes	19	7	€6.0M	€10.0M	+40%
#2	Lucas Michal AS Monaco	20	6	€2.5M	€3.9M	+35%
#3	Anthony Bermont RC Lens	21	5	€1.0M	€1.4M	+30%
#4	Matías Fernández-Pardo LOSC Lille	21	5	€20.0M	€28.7M	+30%
#5	Malick Fofana Olympique Lyon	21	5	€30.0M	€43.1M	+30%
#6	Afonso Moreira Olympique Lyon	21	5	€5.0M	€7.2M	+30%
#7	Pathé Mboup Stade Brestois 29	22	4	€3.0M	€4.0M	+25%
#8	Bradley Barcola Paris Saint-Germain	23	3	€70.0M	€87.0M	+20%
#9	Ansu Fati AS Monaco	23	3	€10.0M	€12.4M	+20%
#10	Pablo Pagis FC Lorient	23	3	€5.0M	€6.2M	+20%
#11	Martial Godo RC Strasbourg Alsace	23	3	€7.0M	€8.7M	+20%
#12	Osame Sahraoui LOSC Lille	24	2	€10.0M	€11.6M	+14%
#13	Abdallah Sima RC Lens	24	2	€4.0M	€4.6M	+14%
#14	Motez Nourani Club Athlétique Bizertin	24	2	€200K	€231K	+14%
#15	Felix Mambimbi Le Havre AC	25	1	€600K	€645K	+7%
#16	Igor Paixão Olympique Marseille	25	1	€35.0M	€37.6M	+7%
#17	Danny Namaso AJ Auxerre	25	1	€5.0M	€5.4M	+7%
#18	Yann Gboho FC Toulouse	25	1	€12.0M	€12.9M	+7%
#19	Félix Correia LOSC Lille	25	1	€10.0M	€10.8M	+7%
#20	Issa Soumaré Le Havre AC	25	1	€5.0M	€5.4M	+7%

Risk-Adjusted Upside (RAU)

Upside potential weighted against forecast uncertainty. Higher RAU = better risk-reward profile.

Understanding Risk-Adjusted Upside (RAU)

FC Nantes's Herba Guirassy has the highest Risk-Adjusted Upside at 58.0. That means Herba Guirassy has 19% upside potential with only 0% forecast uncertainty—representing excellent risk-reward for value appreciation.

In second is AS Monaco's Lucas Michal with a 46.3 RAU (15% upside, 0% uncertainty). Third is Bradley Barcola of Paris Saint-Germain with a 42.8 RAU (11% upside, 0% uncertainty).

How RAU is calculated: RAU divides upside potential by forecast uncertainty (RAU = Upside % ÷ Uncertainty %). A RAU of 58.0 means the upside is 58.0× greater than the uncertainty—making it a high-confidence growth opportunity. Target RAU ≥2.0 for balanced risk-reward.

Risk-Adjusted Upside by Player

Herba GuirassyFC Nantes

↑19% / ±0%58.0

Range: €6.2M - €8.1M

Lucas MichalAS Monaco

↑15% / ±0%46.3

Range: €2.5M - €3.3M

Bradley BarcolaParis Saint-Germain

↑11% / ±0%42.8

Range: €68.6M - €87.4M

Matías Fernández-PardoLOSC Lille

↑10% / ±0%33.7

Range: €19.0M - €25.1M

Afonso MoreiraOlympique Lyon

↑10% / ±0%33.7

Range: €4.8M - €6.3M

Malick FofanaOlympique Lyon

↑10% / ±0%33.7

Range: €28.5M - €37.6M

Anthony BermontRC Lens

↑10% / ±0%33.7

Range: €950K - €1.3M

Ansu FatiAS Monaco

↑7% / ±0%27.5

Range: €9.4M - €12.0M

Pablo PagisFC Lorient

↑7% / ±0%27.5

Range: €4.7M - €6.0M

Martial GodoRC Strasbourg Alsace

↑7% / ±0%27.5

Range: €6.6M - €8.4M

Pathé MboupStade Brestois 29

↑6% / ±0%23.0

Range: €2.8M - €3.6M

Hamed TraoréOlympique Marseille

↑3% / ±0%12.0

Range: €13.6M - €17.3M

Motez NouraniClub Athlétique Bizertin

↑2% / ±0%9.8

Range: €180K - €229K

Abdallah SimaRC Lens

↑2% / ±0%9.8

Range: €3.6M - €4.6M

Osame SahraouiLOSC Lille

↑2% / ±0%9.8

Range: €9.0M - €11.5M

Rank	Player	Expected	Range	Upside %	RAU
#1	Herba Guirassy FC Nantes	€7.1M	€6.2M-8.1M	+19%	58.0
#2	Lucas Michal AS Monaco	€2.9M	€2.5M-3.3M	+15%	46.3
#3	Bradley Barcola Paris Saint-Germain	€78.0M	€68.6M-87.4M	+11%	42.8
#4	Matías Fernández-Pardo LOSC Lille	€22.1M	€19.0M-25.1M	+10%	33.7
#5	Afonso Moreira Olympique Lyon	€5.5M	€4.8M-6.3M	+10%	33.7
#6	Malick Fofana Olympique Lyon	€33.1M	€28.5M-37.6M	+10%	33.7
#7	Anthony Bermont RC Lens	€1.1M	€950K-1.3M	+10%	33.7
#8	Ansu Fati AS Monaco	€10.7M	€9.4M-12.0M	+7%	27.5
#9	Pablo Pagis FC Lorient	€5.4M	€4.7M-6.0M	+7%	27.5
#10	Martial Godo RC Strasbourg Alsace	€7.5M	€6.6M-8.4M	+7%	27.5
#11	Pathé Mboup Stade Brestois 29	€3.2M	€2.8M-3.6M	+6%	23.0
#12	Hamed Traoré Olympique Marseille	€15.4M	€13.6M-17.3M	+3%	12.0
#13	Motez Nourani Club Athlétique Bizertin	€205K	€180K-229K	+2%	9.8
#14	Abdallah Sima RC Lens	€4.1M	€3.6M-4.6M	+2%	9.8
#15	Osame Sahraoui LOSC Lille	€10.2M	€9.0M-11.5M	+2%	9.8
#16	Igor Paixão Olympique Marseille	€35.6M	€31.3M-39.9M	+2%	7.1
#17	Khvicha Kvaratskhelia Paris Saint-Germain	€91.6M	€80.6M-102.6M	+2%	7.1

Roster Pressure Index (RPI)

Squad depth pressure based on Z-score distribution. Negative RPI = thin depth, positive = deep roster.

What This Shows

Z-Score explained: Measures how many standard deviations a player's strength is from the position average. Z-Score = 0 means average, +1.0 is one standard deviation above average, -1.0 is below average.

How to use: RPI < -1.0 indicates critical depth shortage. These positions need immediate reinforcement. RPI > +1.0 suggests strong depth, allowing selective, high-value additions only.

Current market: left winger position shows strong depth (avg Z-score: 0.00). RPI: 0.00.

Position Depth Analysis

Total Players

0.00

Avg Z-Score

0.00

RPI Score

Weak DepthStrong Depth

-3.00+3.0

Highest Z-Scores

Khvicha Kvaratskhelia+4.02

Bradley Barcola+2.98

Igor Paixão+1.18

Malick Fofana+0.92

Matías Fernández-Pardo+0.40

Lowest Z-Scores

Motez Nourani-0.62

Youssef Msakni-0.61

Billal Messaoudi-0.61

Felix Mambimbi-0.60

Anthony Bermont-0.58

Age-Share Concentration (ASC)

Identifies players capturing disproportionate value relative to age group representation. Positive ASC = value concentration.

Understanding Age-Share Concentration (ASC)

Club Athlétique Bizertin's Motez Nourani in the 24-26 age bracket has the highest Age-Share Concentration at +12.7%. That means Khvicha Kvaratskhelia captures 50.2% of total market value while representing only 37.5% of players in their age group—showing dominant elite status.

In second is Olympique Marseille's Hamed Traoré with a +12.7% ASC (50.2% value share vs 37.5% player share in 24-26 bracket). Third is Danny Namaso of AJ Auxerre with a +12.7% ASC (50.2% value vs 37.5% players in 24-26 bracket).

How ASC is calculated: ASC = (% of total value) - (% of total players) in age bracket. A +12.7% ASC means the player captures 12.7% more market value than their numerical representation—indicating marquee status. ASC > +15% = elite dominance, ASC < -15% = potential value targets.