Best Right-Backs in the World (Dec 2025)

Ranked by Analytical Strength Score

Market Overview: World Right-Backs 2025-26

Our database tracks 999 World Right-Backs in the 2025-26 season, representing 669 clubs with a combined market value of €2.5B. The average market value for World Right-Backs is €2.5M, with the average age at 26.8 years old.

The most valuable right-back in the World is Achraf Hakimi, worth €80.0M and playing for Paris Saint-Germain at 27 years old. The top 5 Right-Backs average €59.0M in market value, including Jules Koundé and Jurriën Timber.

Age distribution shows the youngest tracked right-back is Buba Sangaré (18 years, AS Roma, €1.0M), while the oldest is Ashley Young (40 years, Ipswich Town, €500K). Research shows Right-Backs typically peak at age 27.

Our 1-year forecast model projects 390 Right-Backs (39%) will increase in market value over the next 12 months based on age-curve trajectories, current performance trends, and playing time analysis. The World market for Right-Backs remains highly competitive with significant transfer activity expected in the 2025-26 season.

💡 Use the search bar below to find specific players, or apply filters to narrow results by club, age range, or market value. Click the chart icon next to any player to view their historical value trajectory and forecast.

Market Intelligence

Explore Market Size by Position in World

Interactive bubble chart showing predicted 2-year growth vs current age for all World Right-Backs. Identify undervalued assets and track market momentum across 669 clubs with €2.5B combined value.

999

Players Tracked

By League

Premier League La Liga Bundesliga Serie A Ligue 1

By Position

GK CB LB RB CDM

More Positions

CM CAM LW RW ST

By Season

2025-26 2024-25 2023-24 2022-23

Age Distribution: World Right-Backs

The World RB market shows 5 distinct age segments, with the largest cohort in the 27-29 bracket (268 players, 27% of market). The 27-29 age group holds the most value at €747.2M, averaging €2.8M per player.

U21 years40 players (4%)

€154.7MAvg: €3.9M

Top player: Archie Gray (€38.0M)

21-23 years180 players (18%)

€602.2MAvg: €3.3M

Top player: Rico Lewis (€40.0M)

24-26 years267 players (27%)

€667.9MAvg: €2.5M

Top player: Jurriën Timber (€55.0M)

27-29 years268 players (27%)

€747.2MAvg: €2.8M

Top player: Achraf Hakimi (€80.0M)

30+ years244 players (24%)

€299.3MAvg: €1.2M

Top player: Marcos Llorente (€25.0M)

Top Right-Backs by Age Bracket

U21 Years (40 players)

1. Archie Gray(19yo)

€38.0M

2. Givairo Read(19yo)

€20.0M

3. Álex Jiménez(20yo)

€15.0M

4. Martim Fernandes(19yo)

€12.0M

5. Héctor Fort(19yo)

€10.0M

21-23 Years (180 players)

1. Rico Lewis(21yo)

€40.0M

2. Tino Livramento(23yo)

€40.0M

3. Malo Gusto(22yo)

€35.0M

4. Conor Bradley(22yo)

€30.0M

5. Wesley(22yo)

€25.0M

24-26 Years (267 players)

1. Jurriën Timber(24yo)

€55.0M

2. Jeremie Frimpong(25yo)

€50.0M

3. Pedro Porro(26yo)

€38.0M

4. Diogo Dalot(26yo)

€30.0M

5. Wilfried Singo(24yo)

€28.0M

27-29 Years (268 players)

1. Achraf Hakimi(27yo)

€80.0M

2. Jules Koundé(27yo)

€65.0M

3. Ben White(28yo)

€45.0M

4. Daniel Muñoz(29yo)

€25.0M

5. Konrad Laimer(28yo)

€25.0M

Market Value Distribution

Elite Tier Concentration

64%of market value

The top 100 Right-Backs (10% of players) control €1.6B

1. Achraf Hakimi€80.0M

2. Jules Koundé€65.0M

3. Jurriën Timber€55.0M

4. Jeremie Frimpong€50.0M

5. Ben White€45.0M

Market Tiers

Elite (€50M+)4 players (0%)

€250.0M

Premium (€30-50M)8 players (1%)

€296.0M

High (€15-30M)28 players (3%)

€551.0M

Mid (€5-15M)66 players (7%)

€528.5M

Emerging (<€5M)893 players (89%)

€845.8M

Market structure shows distributed value with elite (€50m+) tier representing 0% of the World RB pool.

Elite (€50M+)

1. Achraf Hakimi

Paris Saint-Germain€80.0M

2. Jules Koundé

FC Barcelona€65.0M

3. Jurriën Timber

Arsenal FC€55.0M

4. Jeremie Frimpong

Liverpool FC€50.0M

Premium (€30-50M)

1. Ben White

Arsenal FC€45.0M

2. Rico Lewis

Manchester City€40.0M

3. Archie Gray

Tottenham Hotspur€38.0M

4. Tino Livramento

Newcastle United€40.0M

5. Malo Gusto

Chelsea FC€35.0M

High (€15-30M)

1. Wilfried Singo

Galatasaray€28.0M

2. Marcos Llorente

Atlético de Madrid€25.0M

3. Daniel Muñoz

Crystal Palace€25.0M

4. Wesley

AS Roma€25.0M

5. Konrad Laimer

Bayern Munich€25.0M

Club Distribution: World Right-Backs

Among 669 World clubs, Arsenal FC leads with 2 Right-Backs worth €100.0M (averaging €50.0M per player). The top 10 clubs account for 2% of tracked Right-Backs.

Arsenal FC

2 players • €100.0M

Paris Saint-Germain

1 players • €80.0M

Liverpool FC

2 players • €80.0M

Tottenham Hotspur

2 players • €76.0M

FC Barcelona

1 players • €65.0M

Manchester United

2 players • €55.0M

Newcastle United

4 players • €47.4M

Bayern Munich

2 players • €43.0M

AS Roma

4 players • €42.0M

#10

Atlético de Madrid

2 players • €41.0M

Arsenal FC (2 Right-Backs)

Jurriën Timber(24yo)

€55.0M

Ben White(28yo)

€45.0M

Paris Saint-Germain (1 Right-Backs)

Achraf Hakimi(27yo)

€80.0M

Liverpool FC (2 Right-Backs)

Jeremie Frimpong(25yo)

€50.0M

Conor Bradley(22yo)

€30.0M

Tottenham Hotspur (2 Right-Backs)

Archie Gray(19yo)

€38.0M

Pedro Porro(26yo)

€38.0M

Player Rankings

Ranked by APE Strength Score. Click any player to view full profile, or click the chart icon to see value history.

Achraf Hakimi

Paris Saint-Germain • 27 years old

€84.5M

€80.0M

-5.4%

€64.1M€81.6M

Expected: €72.9M

94.7

Jules Koundé

FC Barcelona • 27 years old

€68.7M

€65.0M

-5.4%

€52.1M€66.3M

Expected: €59.2M

90.0

Jurriën Timber

Arsenal FC • 24 years old

€47.6M

€55.0M

+15.6%

€51.6M€65.7M

Expected: €58.6M

81.9

Jeremie Frimpong

Liverpool FC • 25 years old

€43.2M

€50.0M

+15.6%

€44.8M€57.0M

Expected: €50.9M

75.5

Ben White

Arsenal FC • 28 years old

€58.1M

€45.0M

-22.6%

€36.1M€45.9M

Expected: €41.0M

73.7

Rico Lewis

Manchester City • 21 years old

€34.6M

€40.0M

+15.6%

€39.6M€52.2M

Expected: €45.9M

70.4

Archie Gray

Tottenham Hotspur • 19 years old

€32.9M

€38.0M

+15.6%

€40.6M€53.6M

Expected: €47.1M

69.6

Tino Livramento

Newcastle United • 23 years old

€34.6M

€40.0M

+15.6%

€39.2M€49.9M

Expected: €44.6M

69.2

Malo Gusto

Chelsea FC • 22 years old

€30.3M

€35.0M

+15.6%

€33.9M€43.2M

Expected: €38.6M

64.8

#10

Pedro Porro

Tottenham Hotspur • 26 years old

€32.9M

€38.0M

+15.6%

€35.8M€45.6M

Expected: €40.7M

63.4

#11

Conor Bradley

Liverpool FC • 22 years old

€25.9M

€30.0M

+15.6%

€27.9M€35.6M

Expected: €31.8M

56.1

#12

Diogo Dalot

Manchester United • 26 years old

€25.9M

€30.0M

+15.6%

€27.2M€34.6M

Expected: €30.9M

53.0

#13

Wilfried Singo

Galatasaray • 24 years old

€24.2M

€28.0M

+15.6%

€25.2M€32.1M

Expected: €28.7M

52.6

#14

Marcos Llorente

Atlético de Madrid • 30 years old

€32.3M

€25.0M

-22.6%

€18.2M€23.2M

Expected: €20.7M

52.6

#15

Daniel Muñoz

Crystal Palace • 29 years old

€32.3M

€25.0M

-22.6%

€18.2M€23.2M

Expected: €20.7M

51.2

#16

Wesley

AS Roma • 22 years old

€21.6M

€25.0M

+15.6%

€23.3M€29.6M

Expected: €26.5M

50.9

#17

Konrad Laimer

Bayern Munich • 28 years old

€32.3M

€25.0M

-22.6%

€19.3M€24.5M

Expected: €21.9M

50.2

#18

Noussair Mazraoui

Manchester United • 28 years old

€32.3M

€25.0M

-22.6%

€19.3M€24.5M

Expected: €21.9M

50.2

#19

Matty Cash

Aston Villa • 28 years old

€32.3M

€25.0M

-22.6%

€19.3M€24.5M

Expected: €21.9M

50.1

#20

Aaron Wan-Bissaka

West Ham United • 28 years old

€31.0M

€24.0M

-22.6%

€18.5M€23.5M

Expected: €21.0M

49.1

...

Showing 1-20 of 999

Scout Tools

Advanced analytics for scouting and recruitment decisions. Each tool provides unique insights into player value, potential, and market dynamics.

Pre-Peak Value Efficiency (PPVE)

Identifies pre-peak players offering exceptional value relative to their age bracket. Higher PPVE = better value.

Understanding Pre-Peak Value Efficiency (PPVE)

Arsenal FC's Jurriën Timber at 24 years old has the highest Pre-Peak Value Efficiency at 84.62×. That means Jurriën Timber is valued 84.62× higher than the median player in the 24-26 age bracket—representing exceptional value before reaching peak age.

In second is Liverpool FC's Jeremie Frimpong, who is 25 years old, with a 76.92× PPVE. Third is Tino Livramento of Newcastle United, who is 23 years old with a 50.00× PPVE.

How PPVE is calculated: PPVE compares a player's current market value to the median value of all players in their age bracket. A PPVE of 84.62× means the player is worth 8362% more than typical players their age—making them high-value targets before they reach peak value.

PPVE by Age Bracket

Jurriën TimberArsenal FC

24-26 • 24yo84.62×

€55.0M • 8362% above median

Jeremie FrimpongLiverpool FC

24-26 • 25yo76.92×

€50.0M • 7592% above median

Tino LivramentoNewcastle United

21-23 • 23yo50.00×

€40.0M • 4900% above median

Rico LewisManchester City

21-23 • 21yo50.00×

€40.0M • 4900% above median

Malo GustoChelsea FC

21-23 • 22yo43.75×

€35.0M • 4275% above median

Wilfried SingoGalatasaray

24-26 • 24yo43.08×

€28.0M • 4208% above median

Archie GrayTottenham Hotspur

U21 • 19yo38.00×

€38.0M • 3700% above median

Conor BradleyLiverpool FC

21-23 • 22yo37.50×

€30.0M • 3650% above median

WesleyAS Roma

21-23 • 22yo31.25×

€25.0M • 3025% above median

Lutsharel GeertruidaSunderland AFC

24-26 • 25yo30.77×

€20.0M • 2977% above median

VandersonAS Monaco

24-26 • 24yo30.77×

€20.0M • 2977% above median

Sergiño DestPSV Eindhoven

24-26 • 25yo27.69×

€18.0M • 2669% above median

Sacha BoeyBayern Munich

24-26 • 25yo27.69×

€18.0M • 2669% above median

Yan CoutoBorussia Dortmund

21-23 • 23yo25.00×

€20.0M • 2400% above median

Guéla DouéRC Strasbourg Alsace

21-23 • 23yo22.50×

€18.0M • 2150% above median

Rank	Player	Age	Bracket	Current Value	Bracket Median	PPVE
#1	Jurriën Timber Arsenal FC	24	24-26	€55.0M	€650K	84.62×
#2	Jeremie Frimpong Liverpool FC	25	24-26	€50.0M	€650K	76.92×
#3	Tino Livramento Newcastle United	23	21-23	€40.0M	€800K	50.00×
#4	Rico Lewis Manchester City	21	21-23	€40.0M	€800K	50.00×
#5	Malo Gusto Chelsea FC	22	21-23	€35.0M	€800K	43.75×
#6	Wilfried Singo Galatasaray	24	24-26	€28.0M	€650K	43.08×
#7	Archie Gray Tottenham Hotspur	19	U21	€38.0M	€1.0M	38.00×
#8	Conor Bradley Liverpool FC	22	21-23	€30.0M	€800K	37.50×
#9	Wesley AS Roma	22	21-23	€25.0M	€800K	31.25×
#10	Lutsharel Geertruida Sunderland AFC	25	24-26	€20.0M	€650K	30.77×
#11	Vanderson AS Monaco	24	24-26	€20.0M	€650K	30.77×
#12	Sergiño Dest PSV Eindhoven	25	24-26	€18.0M	€650K	27.69×
#13	Sacha Boey Bayern Munich	25	24-26	€18.0M	€650K	27.69×
#14	Yan Couto Borussia Dortmund	23	21-23	€20.0M	€800K	25.00×
#15	Guéla Doué RC Strasbourg Alsace	23	21-23	€18.0M	€800K	22.50×
#16	Michael Kayode Brentford FC	21	21-23	€18.0M	€800K	22.50×
#17	Marc Pubill Atlético de Madrid	22	21-23	€16.0M	€800K	20.00×
#18	Givairo Read Feyenoord Rotterdam	19	U21	€20.0M	€1.0M	20.00×
#19	Jon Aramburu Real Sociedad	23	21-23	€15.0M	€800K	18.75×
#20	Tiago Santos LOSC Lille	23	21-23	€15.0M	€800K	18.75×

Return-to-Peak Potential (RPP)

Recovery potential from current value to forecasted peak. Shows how much upside remains for players approaching their prime.

Understanding Return-to-Peak Potential (RPP)

Pendikspor's Hüseyin Maldar at 18 years old has the highest Return-to-Peak Potential at +44%. That means Hüseyin Maldar is projected to appreciate 44% as they reach their peak age in 8 years—representing significant upside before entering their prime.

In second is AS Roma's Buba Sangaré, who is 18 years old, with a +44% RPP (8 years to peak). Third is Gilles De Meyer of KAA Gent, who is 19 years old with a +40% RPP (7 years to peak).

How RPP is calculated: RPP compares a player's current market value to their forecasted peak value, calculating the percentage appreciation potential. A 44% RPP means the player is expected to gain 44% value as they enter their prime—making them excellent growth investments.

Recovery Potential by Player

Hüseyin MaldarPendikspor

8yr to peak+44%

€350K → €625K

Buba SangaréAS Roma

8yr to peak+44%

€1.0M → €1.8M

Gilles De MeyerKAA Gent

7yr to peak+40%

€700K → €1.2M

Mats EgbringSC Heerenveen

7yr to peak+40%

€300K → €499K

Caleb KporhaCrystal Palace

7yr to peak+40%

€1.0M → €1.7M

Sebastian AltamiranoThe Strongest La Paz

7yr to peak+40%

€300K → €499K

Sebastián ArancibiaCD Universidad Católica

7yr to peak+40%

€500K → €831K

Eric da Silva MoreiraRio Ave FC

7yr to peak+40%

€1.0M → €1.7M

Archie GrayTottenham Hotspur

7yr to peak+40%

€38.0M → €63.2M

Oğuzhan YılmazSariyer

7yr to peak+40%

€375K → €623K

JP ChermontSantos FC

7yr to peak+40%

€3.0M → €5.0M

Kosta NedeljkovicRB Leipzig

7yr to peak+40%

€10.0M → €16.6M

Martim FernandesFC Porto

7yr to peak+40%

€12.0M → €19.9M

Héctor FortElche CF

7yr to peak+40%

€10.0M → €16.6M

Givairo ReadFeyenoord Rotterdam

7yr to peak+40%

€20.0M → €33.2M

Rank	Player	Age	Years to Peak	Current	Peak Forecast	RPP %
#1	Hüseyin Maldar Pendikspor	18	8	€350K	€625K	+44%
#2	Buba Sangaré AS Roma	18	8	€1.0M	€1.8M	+44%
#3	Gilles De Meyer KAA Gent	19	7	€700K	€1.2M	+40%
#4	Mats Egbring SC Heerenveen	19	7	€300K	€499K	+40%
#5	Caleb Kporha Crystal Palace	19	7	€1.0M	€1.7M	+40%
#6	Sebastian Altamirano The Strongest La Paz	19	7	€300K	€499K	+40%
#7	Sebastián Arancibia CD Universidad Católica	19	7	€500K	€831K	+40%
#8	Eric da Silva Moreira Rio Ave FC	19	7	€1.0M	€1.7M	+40%
#9	Archie Gray Tottenham Hotspur	19	7	€38.0M	€63.2M	+40%
#10	Oğuzhan Yılmaz Sariyer	19	7	€375K	€623K	+40%
#11	JP Chermont Santos FC	19	7	€3.0M	€5.0M	+40%
#12	Kosta Nedeljkovic RB Leipzig	19	7	€10.0M	€16.6M	+40%
#13	Martim Fernandes FC Porto	19	7	€12.0M	€19.9M	+40%
#14	Héctor Fort Elche CF	19	7	€10.0M	€16.6M	+40%
#15	Givairo Read Feyenoord Rotterdam	19	7	€20.0M	€33.2M	+40%
#16	Pau Navarro Villarreal CF	20	6	€3.0M	€4.6M	+35%
#17	Kadu Santos Botafogo FR U20	20	6	€350K	€541K	+35%
#18	Igor Serrote Al-Jazira Club	20	6	€1.5M	€2.3M	+35%
#19	Lautaro Vargas CA Unión (Santa Fe)	20	6	€3.0M	€4.6M	+35%
#20	Kyriani Sabbe Club Brugge KV	20	6	€6.0M	€9.3M	+35%

Risk-Adjusted Upside (RAU)

Upside potential weighted against forecast uncertainty. Higher RAU = better risk-reward profile.

Understanding Risk-Adjusted Upside (RAU)

Tottenham Hotspur's Archie Gray has the highest Risk-Adjusted Upside at 70.0. That means Archie Gray has 24% upside potential with only 0% forecast uncertainty—representing excellent risk-reward for value appreciation.

In second is AS Roma's Buba Sangaré with a 68.9 RAU (23% upside, 0% uncertainty). Third is Hüseyin Maldar of Pendikspor with a 68.9 RAU (23% upside, 0% uncertainty).

How RAU is calculated: RAU divides upside potential by forecast uncertainty (RAU = Upside % ÷ Uncertainty %). A RAU of 70.0 means the upside is 70.0× greater than the uncertainty—making it a high-confidence growth opportunity. Target RAU ≥2.0 for balanced risk-reward.

Risk-Adjusted Upside by Player

Archie GrayTottenham Hotspur

↑24% / ±0%70.0

Range: €40.6M - €53.6M

Buba SangaréAS Roma

↑23% / ±0%68.9

Range: €1.1M - €1.4M

Hüseyin MaldarPendikspor

↑23% / ±0%68.9

Range: €373K - €492K

Mats EgbringSC Heerenveen

↑19% / ±0%58.0

Range: €308K - €407K

Sebastian AltamiranoThe Strongest La Paz

↑19% / ±0%58.0

Range: €308K - €407K

Gilles De MeyerKAA Gent

↑19% / ±0%58.0

Range: €718K - €949K

Caleb KporhaCrystal Palace

↑19% / ±0%58.0

Range: €1.0M - €1.4M

Sebastián ArancibiaCD Universidad Católica

↑19% / ±0%58.0

Range: €513K - €678K

Eric da Silva MoreiraRio Ave FC

↑19% / ±0%58.0

Range: €1.0M - €1.4M

Kosta NedeljkovicRB Leipzig

↑19% / ±0%58.0

Range: €10.3M - €13.6M

Héctor FortElche CF

↑19% / ±0%58.0

Range: €10.3M - €13.6M

Givairo ReadFeyenoord Rotterdam

↑19% / ±0%58.0

Range: €20.5M - €27.1M

Oğuzhan YılmazSariyer

↑19% / ±0%58.0

Range: €385K - €508K

JP ChermontSantos FC

↑19% / ±0%58.0

Range: €3.1M - €4.1M

Martim FernandesFC Porto

↑19% / ±0%58.0

Range: €12.3M - €16.3M

Rank	Player	Expected	Range	Upside %	RAU
#1	Archie Gray Tottenham Hotspur	€47.1M	€40.6M-53.6M	+24%	70.0
#2	Buba Sangaré AS Roma	€1.2M	€1.1M-1.4M	+23%	68.9
#3	Hüseyin Maldar Pendikspor	€432K	€373K-492K	+23%	68.9
#4	Mats Egbring SC Heerenveen	€357K	€308K-407K	+19%	58.0
#5	Sebastian Altamirano The Strongest La Paz	€357K	€308K-407K	+19%	58.0
#6	Gilles De Meyer KAA Gent	€833K	€718K-949K	+19%	58.0
#7	Caleb Kporha Crystal Palace	€1.2M	€1.0M-1.4M	+19%	58.0
#8	Sebastián Arancibia CD Universidad Católica	€595K	€513K-678K	+19%	58.0
#9	Eric da Silva Moreira Rio Ave FC	€1.2M	€1.0M-1.4M	+19%	58.0
#10	Kosta Nedeljkovic RB Leipzig	€11.9M	€10.3M-13.6M	+19%	58.0
#11	Héctor Fort Elche CF	€11.9M	€10.3M-13.6M	+19%	58.0
#12	Givairo Read Feyenoord Rotterdam	€23.8M	€20.5M-27.1M	+19%	58.0
#13	Oğuzhan Yılmaz Sariyer	€447K	€385K-508K	+19%	58.0
#14	JP Chermont Santos FC	€3.6M	€3.1M-4.1M	+19%	58.0
#15	Martim Fernandes FC Porto	€14.3M	€12.3M-16.3M	+19%	58.0
#16	Rico Lewis Manchester City	€45.9M	€39.6M-52.2M	+15%	46.6
#17	Maik São Paulo Futebol Clube	€1.1M	€988K-1.3M	+15%	46.3
#18	Nahuel Arias CA San Lorenzo de Almagro	€516K	€445K-587K	+15%	46.3
#19	Leandro Santos SL Benfica	€1.1M	€988K-1.3M	+15%	46.3
#20	Ali Maamar RSC Anderlecht	€2.3M	€2.0M-2.6M	+15%	46.3

Roster Pressure Index (RPI)

Squad depth pressure based on Z-score distribution. Negative RPI = thin depth, positive = deep roster.

What This Shows

Z-Score explained: Measures how many standard deviations a player's strength is from the position average. Z-Score = 0 means average, +1.0 is one standard deviation above average, -1.0 is below average.

How to use: RPI < -1.0 indicates critical depth shortage. These positions need immediate reinforcement. RPI > +1.0 suggests strong depth, allowing selective, high-value additions only.

Current market: right-back position shows weak depth (avg Z-score: -0.00). RPI: -0.00.

Position Depth Analysis

999

Total Players

-0.00

Avg Z-Score

-0.00

RPI Score

Weak DepthStrong Depth

-3.00+3.0

Highest Z-Scores

Achraf Hakimi+12.44

Jules Koundé+10.04

Jurriën Timber+8.43

Jeremie Frimpong+7.63

Ben White+6.83

Lowest Z-Scores

Tendayi Darikwa-0.36

Alemão-0.36

Nelson Hernández-0.36

Juan Franco-0.36

Sebastian Stolze-0.36

Age-Share Concentration (ASC)

Identifies players capturing disproportionate value relative to age group representation. Positive ASC = value concentration.

Understanding Age-Share Concentration (ASC)

Sport Club do Recife's Aderlan in the 30+ age bracket has the highest Age-Share Concentration at +-12.3%. That means Marcos Llorente captures 12.1% of total market value while representing only 24.4% of players in their age group—showing dominant elite status.

In second is Without Club's Mário Fernandes with a +-12.3% ASC (12.1% value share vs 24.4% player share in 30+ bracket). Third is Gotoku Sakai of Vissel Kobe with a +-12.3% ASC (12.1% value vs 24.4% players in 30+ bracket).

How ASC is calculated: ASC = (% of total value) - (% of total players) in age bracket. A +-12.3% ASC means the player captures -12.3% more market value than their numerical representation—indicating marquee status. ASC > +15% = elite dominance, ASC < -15% = potential value targets.